![\"Not](\"https:\/\/jhcolorpowdercoating.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/672\/2023\/03\/nicht-nur-bei-neubauten-machbar-das-3-liter-haus_1.jpg\" "\\"\\"")
<\/div>\nFlashback to 1999: Volkswagen causes a sensation on the automotive market with its Lupo 3L TDI. The runabout is the first series-produced car to consume just 3 liters of diesel per 100 kilometers. For this economical small car, the designation "3-liter car" really suggested itself. Apparently, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBIP) were inspired by this: In keeping with the hype surrounding the little VW Lupo, they have developed a new low-energy standard for buildings.<\/p>\n
As a result, towards the end of the 1990s, the term 3-liter house also became established. But what exactly is behind the term? This refers to consumption, which is around 30 kilowatt hours per square meter. Converted, this corresponds to 3 liters of oil or alternatively 3 cubic meters of natural gas per square meter within a year. The heating energy requirement of the 3-liter house is thus lower than that of a classic low-energy house, but still higher than that of a passive house. Some components of this type of building must meet certain requirements.<\/p>\n
The characteristics of a 3-liter house<\/h2>\n
With regard to the criteria of a 3-liter house, it is important to mention that no uniform standard exists. However, the Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics has drawn up some specifications that can be compared with those of a low-energy house – although higher-quality components are required. To be declared a 3-liter house, the following characteristics must be met:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Heat-insulating frames and triple glazing are planned for the windows.<\/li>\n
- A thickness of at least 45 millimeters is required for the insulation of the outer wall.<\/li>\n
- For the ceilings, the roof as well as a possible cellar it requires also an excellent insulation.<\/li>\n
- In principle, there must be no thermal bridges.<\/li>\n
- It is desirable for heating to be as energy efficient as possible.<\/li>\n
- Ideally, solar thermal energy for exhaust air and hot water will be used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
When the concept of the 3-liter house emerged, IBIP, in cooperation with several partners, had a settlement of model houses built in Celle, Lower Saxony. Emphasis was placed on the fact that the building standard is not tied to any specific construction method. The only thing that is considered crucial is to comply with the specified heating consumption. Typical external features are therefore not to be mentioned. Instead, individual wishes of the builders are to be implemented. Accordingly, the architecture as well as the construction and building services of a 3-liter house can be chosen freely to a large extent. However, large south-facing windows are considered common to benefit from solar energy.<\/p>\n
Saving energy efficiently: the principle of a 3-liter house in detail<\/h2>\n
What the energy-saving properties of the 3-liter house can be achieved by is already indicated by the criteria. An important role is given to the building envelope. It must ensure that cold from outside cannot penetrate and the heat inside cannot escape to the outside. Accordingly, high-quality insulation of the exterior walls, windows and doors as well as the roof is essential. It is the basis for low energy consumption.<\/p>\n
In a 3-liter house, several energy cycles run – this sometimes happens in parallel. If the sun is shining, heat is absorbed through the generous windows on the south side. Light hits the floor and interior walls, which then emit it into the room. The comfort ventilation system then distributes the heat throughout the entire building. In a sense, it ensures that the house can breathe. From rooms with a high air load, such as the bathroom, the living room or the kitchen, it discharges the warm air from the room.<\/p>\n
It then conducts the air outside. This is done with the help of a heat exchanger, through which fresh outside air is simultaneously taken in and warmed up. It is then directed into rooms where the demand for fresh air is particularly high, such as the bedroom or study. On very frosty days, the cold outside air is preheated by a geothermal heat exchanger.<\/p>\n
Instead of using the heating system, a buffer tank can be used to provide heat in the 3-liter house on cold days. Via a distribution system, it brings temporarily stored heat into the installed heating systems of the building. It also ensures the right temperature for domestic water, which is needed, for example, in the bathroom, kitchen or even for a dishwasher. The heating system in the 3-liter house is only required when there is a lack of sunlight, the days are particularly frosty or the cold has already lasted for some time. Depending on the system, the heat is then generated by a water pump, a gas heater, an oil heater or a tile or pellet stove with a water heat exchanger.<\/p>\n
It then reaches all heated rooms in the house through the comfort ventilation system. Since the other energy cycles take effect beforehand and the heating is only activated in the last instance, the energy-saving mode of operation of this type of building can be guaranteed.<\/p>\n
This makes the concept of the 3-liter house suitable for existing buildings as well<\/h2>\n
If the concept of a 3-liter house is planned from the outset for a planned new building, this makes implementation easier. However, the principle can also be applied to existing buildings. A striking example of such a retrofit can be found in Ludwigshafen's Brunckviertel, a workers' housing estate from the 1930s. The properties were all converted into low-energy houses. In the course of this, the first 3-liter house in Germany was created there from an existing building.<\/p>\n
It is not possible to say in general terms for all properties what specific measures are required for this purpose. Each is to be considered individually and at the same time the 3-liter house is not subject to a fixed grid of specifications. It is suitable for many different types of building. Exemplarily and for a better understanding some of the works shall be mentioned here:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Installing plastic window frames with an insulating core<\/li>\n
- Integrating windows with triple glazing<\/li>\n
- Increasing the size of the south-facing windows for passive solar gain<\/li>\n
- Optimize the insulation of the facade and roof to eliminate thermal bridges<\/li>\n
- Ensuring controlled ventilation of the apartments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The advantages and disadvantages of a 3-liter house<\/h2>\n
Does a 3-liter house fit in with my personal ideas of a home of my own?? When considering this, it helps to keep the advantages and possible disadvantages in mind. Costs are often cited as a point of criticism. In order to meet the requirements, higher investments have to be planned compared to a conventional, comparable property. These are incurred, for example, for the high-quality insulation or the windows. Meticulous care must also be taken to comply with the specifications – if only to be able to benefit from a homeowner's subsidy.<\/p>\n
Just that promotion is understood as a pro-argument for the 3-liter house. The project can be implemented more easily thanks to a state financial injection. The general concept of this type of building is also considered an advantage. Thanks to the energy-saving mode of operation, the owners save a considerable amount of money in the long term. This efficiency is achieved through optimized insulation, as thermal bridges are eliminated. Lower consumption also means a step toward greater sustainability – especially since energy for the 3-liter house comes only from environmentally friendly sources. In today's world, the associated climate protection can also be seen as an advantage. Since the concept is considered versatile, it is suitable for both solid and prefabricated houses.<\/p>\n
What does a 3-liter house cost and what funding options are available??<\/h2>\n
It is not possible to make a generally valid statement about the costs involved in building a 3-liter house or converting an existing building into one. Too many individual factors have an influence. Decisive factors include size, number of stories and location. However, one thing is certain: the bottom line is that the financial outlay is higher than for a comparable conventional property. However, it is also important to bear in mind that several hundred euros can be saved annually on energy costs. Over time, the expenditure is thus amortized.<\/p>\n
There are also subsidy options available. To find out how high they are, it is helpful to look at the efficiency house standards of the Kreditanstalt fur Wiederaufbau (KfW). With its heating energy requirement of around 30 kilowatt hours per square meter per year, the building type falls into at least the Efficiency House 55 category. Also the classification as efficiency house 40 is conceivable. This is promoted for residential buildings by the KfW as follows:<\/p>\n
- \n
- new construction and initial purchase (KfW loans 297 and 298):
\n\tLow-interest loan up to 150.000 Euro, term max. 35 years, fixed interest max. 10 years<\/li>\n - Energy-efficient refurbishment of existing buildings (KfW loan 261):
\n\tLow-interest loan up to 150.000 euros, repayment subsidy between 5 and 45 percent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nAlternatively, a pure grant can be applied for. This in turn is done through the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA). The amount of this subsidy corresponds in each case to the repayment-free sum of the KfW loan.<\/p>\n
Conclusion: Efficiency and flexibility as strengths of the 3-liter house<\/h2>\n
The 3-liter house is efficient and based on a fairly flexible concept. After all, it is suitable for a wide variety of building types. It can be used for solid houses and prefabricated houses, while still allowing a lot of design freedom. In addition, with appropriate renovation, it is even possible for existing properties. There are also several options for heating technology. This makes the 3-liter house an innovative solution that also opens up attractive subsidy opportunities. With the passive house, there is an even more economical alternative, but it cannot keep up in terms of flexibility.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The 3-liter house impresses with its particular energy efficiency and accordingly has a low fuel requirement. To meet these requirements, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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- new construction and initial purchase (KfW loans 297 and 298):